I really think my betta fish is sick please help me

What they are though, I don't know. I do know that they shouldn't be in the bowl though. Really, neither should the betta. Bettas require covered (they are good jumpers), filtered, heated tanks of a minimum of 2 gallons for full health, which should be cycled (read this if you don't know what that means http://fish.orbust.net/cycling.html. ). Little bowls like that commonly become disease ridden and dirty fast, and are not really fit for any fish.

Try to get him a proper tank, and in the meantime, do water changes every day to keep the water very clean. The symptoms you are seeing are likely due to poor water quality (sounds like dropsy and possibly septicemia). You will know it is dropsy if his scales start to stick out making him look like a pinecone from above. Unfortunately, dropsy is usually fatal, and medication often makes things worse because the kidneys are already stressed trying to rid his body of excess water, and the medication further stresses them. Good luck.